流鼻血急救(轉載)

【簡介】

開始入秋，天氣變得乾燥，容易流鼻血，應懂得進行適當急救。

鼻是由骨質部份和軟組織部份組成，由「鼻中隔」分為前後兩部分，前部分聚集了大量微絲血管，是最常見的出血處。而掩蓋鼻子嗅覺神經的鼻膜脆弱易傷，遇到乾燥的天氣，或踫傷如挖鼻孔、揉擦鼻子、經常擤鼻子或打噴嚏，都可能令鼻膜受損導致流鼻血。

【預防】

為免鼻子因乾燥而流鼻血，平時應保持鼻孔的濕度，多飲水、或按需要在鼻孔裏塗用凡士林等潤滑劑，都有所幫助；冬天在家開暖爐時，亦應在旁邊放一杯或一盆清水，保持室內濕度。

【處理】

百分之九十五的流鼻血個案都相當輕微，當時人可自行急救或找人幫助，程序如下：

1. 坐下並鬆開圍在頸項上的衣物

2. 稍向前傾，任由鼻血從鼻腔流出，而非倒流往咽喉

3. 以口呼吸，緊捏鼻樑部份約五分鐘

4. 五分鐘後若鼻腔止血，便可放鬆鼻樑，否則繼續緊捏鼻樑五分鐘

5. 鼻腔止血後，繼續以口呼吸，四小時內不要擤鼻子或嘗試清除鼻腔內的血塊。

但若情況不受控，出現以下徵狀，應立即前往找醫生：

* 鼻血情況持續，並超過20分鐘；

* 鼻子遭撞擊受傷，出現移位、腫脹或變色。

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